Introduction
A serious lung problem which we know as cystic lung disease. This is a very serious problem in which small air-filled sacs (cysts or cystic spaces) are formed inside the lungs, most of the time these cysts hinder the functioning of the lungs. Due to which the person faces various types of problems, such as difficulty in breathing, fatigue, as well as other types of problems like infection etc.
It is usually a bit difficult to identify this disease. Because it seems like a very simple respiratory problem. But if it is not identified at the right time, then it becomes difficult to stop its effects. Therefore, it is most important that it is necessary to identify and treat it at the right time.
Today, through this article we will know that:-
- What is cystic lung disease mainly?
- What are its common causes and symptoms?
- How is it treated?
- What precautions and lifestyle changes are necessary related to it?
This article is very important for those who have frequent breathing problems or lung related problems.
What is cystic lung disease?
This is a serious disease. Which is related to the lungs. In cystic lung disease, abnormally air filled sacs or balloons (called cysts) are formed in the lung tissues. Generally, these systems affect the functioning of the lungs over time. And due to this, breathing problems start arising. Due to which there is frequent difficulty in breathing. There is a risk of infections. Along with this, fatigue also starts to be felt.
What is the difference between cyst and other lung problems
Generally, there are many types of abnormalities in the lungs such as:
- Nodule: Here it is of solid type or it can also be solid.
- bulla: These are large air-filled sacs, often seen in emphysema.
- cyst: These have thin walls, usually round, air-filled spaces, which are especially visible on CT scans.
The main difference between cystic and biliary tract is that their walls are thin and the surrounding lung tissue is damaged to a large extent.
There are many types of cystic lung disease
There are many types of cystic lung disease,
but we divide it into two parts:-
1. Congenital
- Usually it is present at birth.
- Example: Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation (CPAM)
2. Acquired
- It can usually develop at any stage of life.
- Example:
- Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM)
- Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (PLCH)
- Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome
In this way, every type of disease has its own characteristics. Also, their treatment methods can also be different.
Main types of cystic lung disease
Cystic lung disease in particular is a group of many different types of diseases. You are given some special types below.
1. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM)
Generally, this problem mainly affects women of reproductive age. In this, abnormal cells start growing in the walls of the lungs. Due to which cysts start forming. Along with this, one has to face difficulty in breathing.
2. Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome
This is a very rare genetic disease. And due to this, many cysts start forming in the lungs. Due to which the risk of problems like pneumothorax (lungs getting filled with air) increases.
3. Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis – PLCH)
This problem is found in young smokers. Along with this, they form lumps and cysts.
4. Cystic Fibrosis
Generally, this disease increases the thickness of mucus. But some studies show that it is sometimes confused with cystic lung disease. Due to which it is mostly seen in children.
Main causes and risk factors
Cystic lung disease can have many major causes – some of which are clearly known and some cases are not known at all. Below you are being given information about some major causes and risks.
Genetic factors
Generally, some types of cystic lung diseases like Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome and cystic fibrosis are genetic. If a person in the family has already had this disease, then the chances of other people also getting it increases.
Smoking
Smoking is very fatal for cystic lung disease. It causes serious damage to the lungs and is also the main cause of serious diseases like Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis – (PLCH).
Autoimmune conditions
There are some autoimmune diseases in which the body’s immune system attacks and damages its own organs. This causes cystic lung disease.
For example: – Sjogren’s syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Different types of infections
These mainly include some bacterial, viral or fungal infections which cause heavy damage to the structure of the lungs if they persist for a long time. Due to which cystic formation also occurs.
There are also some unknown causes
Many times such a problem arises in which doctors are unable to diagnose the disease even after doing all the tests. Such cases are called Idiopathic. And such cases are treated keeping in mind the symptoms.
Some important symptoms: Also, what things should we not ignore at all
It is difficult to identify the symptoms of cystic lung disease in the beginning because it develops slowly. If these problems persist for a long time, then it can be a sign of serious lung diseases. Here are some common symptoms which can cause a big problem if not taken care of on time.
Shortness of breath
If you are short of breath while climbing stairs, during light exercise or even while resting, then it shows that the working capacity of the lungs is decreasing.
Chest pain
Sometimes experiencing pain in the chest while breathing or coughing can also be a symptom of cystic lung. Also, this symptom can also be pneumothorax (filling of air in the lungs).
Persistent cough
Persistent cough can also be a cause of cystic lung disease. If you have been having a dry cough or a cough with mucus for several weeks, which is not getting cured even with medicine, all these can be the causes of cystic lung disease.
Persistent lung infection
If you are having frequent lung infections such as bronchitis, pneumonia or other lung infections. Then this sign clearly indicates that there is some kind of structural disorder in your lungs.
Fatigue and weakness without exertion
If any person has any kind of lung-related disease, then it affects the supply of oxygen to the body. Due to which one can feel tired again and again.
Even if you have not worked hard. If you see any of the symptoms mentioned here, then immediately go to the doctor and consult.
How is cystic lung disease treated?
It is very important to treat cystic lung disease on time. Because for its treatment, the doctor takes several stages of tests.
Medical history and physical examination process
In this problem, the doctor will first take information about your past history i.e. family history or previous infections based on your symptoms, including your lifestyle, smoking or any harmful habits. Only after this, to assess the condition of the lungs, different types of tests are conducted or the sound of breathing is heard with a stethoscope.
Chest X-ray/CT scan
This is considered one of the different types of tests. Chest X-ray or CT scan. In this, chest X-ray as well as high resolution CT scan is done to check the cysts, inflammation or other problems present (in the lungs).
Genetic testing or biopsy
If the doctor is unable to diagnose the disease, genetic tests or lung tissue biopsy are done to determine the correct treatment.
Cystic lung disease treatment options
The treatment of this problem depends on its severity, type and condition of the patient. Its main goal is to control the symptoms, maintain lung function, and prevent complications.
Medications
- Antibiotics: These are used in case of infection.
- Corticosteroids: These are used to reduce inflammation in the lungs.
Oxygen therapy
Oxygen therapy is useful when the body does not get enough oxygen. In this way, doctors recommend oxygen support. This method is especially used in serious cases.
By changing lifestyle
- Balanced diet and light exercise regularly
- Keep yourself away from pollution and dust
- Quitting bad habits like smoking
- Getting regular vaccinations (like pneumonia and flu etc.)
Finally surgery
If all types of tests show that a part of the lung is completely damaged or problems like pneumothorax are occurring repeatedly, then the only solution in such a case is surgery or in rare cases lung transplant.
Monitoring and testing of the problem
You should get regular tests done to keep an eye on the progress of the disease so that this disease can be prevented in time.
What are the effects of cystic lung disease on life
Cystic lung disease is a long-term problem. But with proper care and important changes in lifestyle, you can live a better life. Here are some important and necessary tips.
Balanced diet and regular exercise
- You should take a balanced diet rich in nutrients. This will strengthen your body’s immune system.
- You should regularly do physical activities, which include light breathing activities. (For example, Pranayama, walking) which strengthens your lung function.
Protect yourself from smoking and pollution
- You should not smoke and should also stay away from the smoke of others.
- If you go to a polluted place, use a mask.
Regular vaccination
It is very important to get regular vaccination to avoid infections like flu and pneumonia.
Be part of mental health and support group
- This is a long-term illness. It is normal for you to feel stressed and anxious during this.
- You should become a part of a support group and if needed, you can also seek help from a mental health expert.
When is medical attention necessary?
1. Breathing problems:
If you are having trouble breathing while resting, climbing stairs or even in normal conditions or are not getting relief even with medicines.
2. Change in symptoms:
If symptoms like cough, fatigue or shortness of breath are visible or are getting worse with time.
3. Recurrent infections:
If you are getting frequent lung infections, then if you are feeling any of these symptoms in your body, then contact the doctor immediately.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q. Is it possible to cure cystic lung disease?
Ans. It is not completely curable. But it can be controlled by identifying it at the right time.
Q. Is it lung cancer?
Ans. No, it is not like lung cancer because both these diseases are different. Although some symptoms are similar in them. But their nature and treatment are different.
Q. Is this disease genetic?
Ans. Generally, some diseases like Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome and cystic fibrosis are genetic. If there is a history of this in the family, then you must consult a doctor.
Conclusion
Through this article, we learned about cystic lung disease in detail. Cystic lung disease is a very serious problem. By recognizing its symptoms on time, getting timely diagnosis, along with proper diet and treatment, the quality of life can be improved. A healthy lifestyle, regular checkups and doctor’s consultation can improve this condition. Along with this, one can live a normal and active life.
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written by Suraj Horo
